[Values of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the pediatric population and risk of thrombosis]. / Valores de colesterol HDL en la población infantil y riesgo trombótico.

INTRODUCTION: There is evidence of the protective effect of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol against atheroma plaque formation and of its role in cholesterol efflux from cells, as well as its anti-oxidative and inflammatory modulating response properties. Low HDL-cholesterol levels have been associated with a prothrombotic state. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between HDL-cholesterol and lipidic and hemostatic parameters. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 110 children (50 girls, 60 boys) aged between 6 and 7 years old. Lipid profile, D-dimer, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) and fibrinogen were determined. RESULTS: The mean values of the studied parameters were as follows: total cholesterol (192.92+/-26.01 mg/dl), HDL-cholesterol (72.87+/-15.69 mg/dl), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (109.46+/-23.30 mg/dl), triglycerides (56.24+/-20.35 mg/dl), apolipoprotein B (91.96+/-14.93 mg/dl), apolipoprotein A1 (168.4+/-24.55 mg/dl), lipoprotein(a) logarithm (1.76+/-1.36 mg/dl), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 logarithm (PAI-1) (3.77+/-3.93 U/ml), D-dimer logarithm (5.53+/-0.49 ng/ml) and fibrinogen (268.61+/-48.59 mg/dl). When the sample was divided into two groups according to HDL-cholesterol levels, children with lower levels showed significantly higher values of total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol, fibrinogen and PAI. HDL-cholesterol levels were directly and significantly associated with total cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 and negatively and significantly associated with the total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio, fibrinogen and PAI. CONCLUSION: The children studied had high HDL-cholesterol levels, which could be responsible for the high total cholesterol levels. High values of HDL-cholesterol are significantly associated with a reduction in thrombotic risk.

Valores de colesterol HDL en la población infantil y riesgo trombótico / Values of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the pediatric population and risk of thrombosis

Introducción Existen evidencias del papel protector que el colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de alta densidad (c-HDL) puede ejercer frente a la formación de la placa de ateroma y de su implicación en el transporte reverso de colesterol, así como de sus propiedades antioxidantes y moduladoras de la respuesta inflamatoria. También se han relacionado concentraciones bajas con un estado protrombótico. Objetivo Determinar la relación existente entre el c-HDL y los parámetros lipídicos y hemostáticos. Pacientes y métodos Un total de 110 niños (50 niñas, 60 niños) de entre 6 y 7 años. Se determinó el perfil lipídico, dímero-D, inhibidor del activador del plasminógeno y fibrinógeno. Resultados Los valores medios de los parámetros estudiados fueron colesterol total (192,92 ± 26,01 mg/dl), c-HDL (72,87 ± 15,69 mg/dl), colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de baja densidad (c-LDL) (109,46 ± 23,30 mg/dl), triglicéridos (56,24 ± 20,35 mg/dl), apolipoproteína B (apo B) (91,96 ± 14,93 mg/dl), apo A1 (168,4 ± 24,55 mg/dl), logaritmo lipoproteína(a) (1,76 ± 1,36 mg/dl), logaritmo del inhibidor del activador del plasminógeno tipo 1 (PAI-1) (3,77 ± 3,93 U/ml), logaritmo del dímero-D (5,53 ± 0,49 ng/ml) y fibrinógeno (268,61 ± 48,59 mg/dl). Al dividir la muestra en dos grupos, atendiendo a las concentraciones de c-HDL, los niños con valores más bajos presentaron concentraciones más elevadas y estadísticamente significativas de colesterol total/c-HDL, fibrinógeno y PAI. Los valores de c-HDL se asociaron directa y significativamente con colesterol total y apo A1 e inversa y significativamente con el cociente colesterol total/c-HDL, fibrinógeno y el PAI. Conclusión La población infantil estudiada presentó valores elevados de c-HDL, y éstos pudieron ser los responsables del incremento de colesterol total. Aumentos en su concentración se asociaron de manera significativa con una disminución del riesgo trombótico

Introduction There is evidence of the protective effect of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol against atheroma plaque formation and of its role in cholesterol efflux from cells, as well as its anti-oxidative and inflammatory modulating response properties. Low HDL-cholesterol levels have been associated with a prothrombotic state. Objective To determine the relationship between HDL-cholesterol and lipidic and hemostatic parameters. Patients and methods We studied 110 children (50 girls, 60 boys) aged between 6 and 7 years old. Lipid profile, D-dimer, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) and fibrinogen were determined. Results The mean values of the studied parameters were as follows: total cholesterol (192.92 ± 26.01 mg/dl), HDL-cholesterol (72.87 ± 15.69 mg/dl), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (109.46 ± 23.30 mg/dl), triglycerides (56.24 ± 20.35 mg/dl), apolipoprotein B (91.96 ± 14.93 mg/dl), apolipoprotein A1 (168.4 ± 24.55 mg/dl), lipoprotein(a) logarithm (1.76 ± 1.36 mg/dl), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 logarithm (PAI-1) (3.77 ± 3.93 U/ml), D-dimer logarithm (5.53 ± 0.49 ng/ml) and fibrinogen (268.61 ± 48.59 mg/dl).When the sample was divided into two groups according to HDL-cholesterol levels, children with lower levels showed significantly higher values of total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol, fibrinogen and PAI. HDL-cholesterol levels were directly and significantly associated with total cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 and negatively and significantly associated with the total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio, fibrinogen and PAI. Conclusion The children studied had high HDL-cholesterol levels, which could be responsible for the high total cholesterol levels. High values of HDL-cholesterol are significantly associated with a reduction in thrombotic risk

[Correlation of lipid profiles and anthropometric variables with serum lipoprotein(a) levels in childhood]. / Correlación de los perfiles lipoproteicos y variables antropométricas con concentraciones séricas de lipoproteína(a) en la infancia.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate lipoprotein(a) distribution in children and to assess its association with lipid profile and anthropometric variables. We studied 98 children (44 girls and 54 boys) with ages ranging from 6 to 7 years, who were included in an epidemiological study on the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in children in the province of Biscay. The following parameters were determined: weight and height, body mass index, lipoprotein(a), and lipid profile. Lipid profile included total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, and apolipoprotein A1. The mean and median serum lipoprotein(a) levels were 13.07 and 5.56 mg/dl respectively and were 11.43 and 3.92 mg/dl for boys and 15.09 and 8.32 mg/dl for girls. Lipoprotein(a) concentrations > 30 mg/dl were found in 7.4% of the boys and in 11.4% of the girls. The mean values and prevalences of lipoprotein(a) > 30 mg/dl were lower in boys than in girls but these differences were not statistically significant. A positive correlation was found between lipid profile (LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol index) and lipoprotein(a) levels. When evaluating anthropometric variables, we found a statistically significant inverse correlation between weight and lipoprotein(a). In view of the cumulative effect of cardiovascular risk factors and the results of this study, we believe that lipoprotein(a) determination should be considered in children with an unfavorable lipid profile.

Correlación de los perfiles lipoproteicos y variables antropométricas con concentraciones séricas de lipoproteína(a) en la infancia / Correlation of lipid profiles and anthropometric variables with serumlipoprotein(a) levels in childhood

El objetivo del estudio ha sido determinar la distribución de lipoproteína(a) en niños y su relación con variables antropométricas y parámetros lipídicos. Se estudian 98 niños (44 niñas, 54 niños), con edades comprendidas entre los 6 y 7 años, procedentes de un estudio epidemiológico sobre prevalencia de hipercolesterolemia en niños de Vizcaya. Se les determinó peso y talla, se calculó el índice de masa corporal, la concentración de lipoproteína(a), así como un estudio lipídico que incluía colesterol total, colesterol HDL (c-HDL), triglicéridos, colesterol LDL (c-LDL), apolipoproteína B y apolipoproteína A1. La media y mediana de lipoproteína(a) fue de 13,07 y 5,56 mg/dl; para los niños era de 11,43 y 3,92 mg/dl y 15,09 y 8,32 mg/dl para las niñas. El 7,4 % de los niños y el 11,4 % de las niñas presentaban concentraciones de lipoproteína(a) superiores a 30 mg/dl. Los niños mostraron valores medios y prevalencias de lipoproteína(a) superiores 30 mg/dl inferiores a las niñas, pero sin ser estadísticamente significativas. Hay una correlación positiva entre el perfil lipídico (c-LDL, apolipoproteína B y el cociente c-LDL/c-HDL) y las concentraciones de lipoproteína(a). En cuanto a la evaluación de las variables antropométricas, encontramos una correlación estadísticamente significativa inversa entre el peso y la lipoproteína(a). Teniendo en cuenta el efecto aditivo de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular y observando los datos obtenidos, pensamos que debería considerarse la determinación de lipoproteína(a) en aquellos niños que presenten un perfil lipídico desfavorable

The aim of the present study was to evaluate lipoprotein(a) distribution in children and to assess its association with lipid profile and anthropometric variables. We studied 98 children (44 girls and 54 boys) with ages ranging from 6 to 7 years, who were included in an epidemiological study on the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in children in the province of Biscay. The following parameters were determined: weight and height, body mass index, lipoprotein(a), and lipid profile. Lipid profile included total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, and apolipoprotein A1. The mean and median serum lipoprotein(a) levels were 13.07 and 5.56 mg/dl respectively and were 11.43 and 3.92 mg/dl for boys and 15.09 and 8.32 mg/dl for girls. Lipoprotein(a) concentrations > 30 mg/dl were found in 7.4 % of the boys and in 11.4 % of the girls. The mean values and prevalences of lipoprotein(a) > 30 mg/dl were lower in boys than in girls but these differences were not statistically significant. A positive correlation was found between lipid profile (LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol index) and lipoprotein(a) levels. When evaluating anthropometric variables, we found a statistically significant inverse correlation between weight and lipoprotein(a). In view of the cumulative effect of cardiovascular risk factors and the results of this study, we believe that lipoprotein(a) determination should be considered in children with an unfavorable lipid profile